Quran /4- AN-NISÂ’ The Women Revealed at Madînah/   Introduction         This sûrah was revealed over a period of months shortly after the Battle of Uhud, in which many of the Muslims were killed primarily due to disobedience and lack of discipline. The event caused great concern with regard to orphans, widows, and captives of war. The sûrah declares some rights of women that they were denied under paganism. The sûrah, for the first time in the history of religions, deals with the law of limiting polygamy. The Tawrâh (the Book revealed to Mûsâ [Moses]) permitted multiple wives, and the rule was not abrogated in the Injîl (the Book revealed to `Îsâ [Jesus]). The Church permitted polygamy in medieval times, but Islâm limited polygamy to four wives and permitted it under certain conditions. The sûrah also deals with the hypocrites who were supporters of the enemies of Islâm, and at this stage Islâm began to acquire its own characteristics and be purified of paganism. The sûrah considers some basic principles to guide mankind in general and Muslims in particular: elegance, manners, equity and justice as applied to family life, care of orphans, marriage, divorce, and trusts. The sûrah insists on reconciliation [between spouses when there are marital problems], if feasible, and considers it consistent with piety. Allâh proclaims in this sûrah His mandates of inheritance of property. It also defines those women who are forbidden in marriage (due to close relationship). Other subjects that this sûrah deals with include the act of worship in war time, the irreverence displayed by some People of the Book, those whom Allâh will forgive, and those whom He will not forgive. Above all, He will never forgive the impiety of associating other deities with Him, but He forgives all else to whom He wills. In the Name of Allâh, The All-Merciful, the Ever-Merciful
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