Quran /9- AT-TAWBAH Repentance Revealed at Madînah/   Introduction         The sûrah begins with Allâh disowning the polytheists. The sûrah is, therefore, also known as “Barâ’ah” (Disowning). The sûrah then mentions the sanctity of the sacred months, the treaty with the polytheists, and the necessity of observing said treaty as long as the polytheists do not go back on it. If they do, it is incumbent on Muslims to wage war against them. The sûrah then makes it clear that the essence of getting near to Allâh is belief in Him. Such belief is never complete unless the Muslim holds Allâh and His Messenger dearer than anything else. Allâh also mentions that greed for power drives away victory; He refers to the state of the Muslims in the Battle of Hunayn. In this sûrah Allâh prohibits the polytheists from entering the Inviolable Mosque because they are impure. The sûrah also states the necessity of fighting the People of the Book until they pay the jizyah (head tax) in submission. It shows the number of the sacred months and the necessity of going to battle at every call with no delay. The sûrah then refers to those who hinder others from going to battle, the conditions of the hypocrites who seek discord every time going to battle is called for, and the hypocrites’ dealing with the believers in peace and war. The sûrah includes the decisive penalty for hypocrisy, namely that the Prophet does not pray the funeral prayer over any of the hypocrites. Allâh then mentions the excuses that justify not going to battle and makes clear the status of those desert Arabs (living around and near Madînah) who showed a false desire to embrace Islam, or who were subjected to its ruling after it had become powerful. After this, Allâh mentions the conditions of people regarding belief and the story of the Mosque of Harm that was built by the hypocrites to harm the status of the mosque built by Allâh’s Messenger. Allâh then mentions the characteristics of true believers and the repentance of those who lingered behind and did not join the Messenger and Allâh’s acceptance of their repentance. The sûrah describes people regarding their reception of the Qur’ânic verses when they are revealed. Allâh concludes the sûrah by stating that He chose Muhammad for the Message, that He does not allow any hardship to befall those to whom Muhammad was sent, that He is All-Kind and Ever-Merciful to them, and that He will be sufficient for Muhammad if the people turn their backs on him.
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